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Resolution - 2022-116RESOLUTION NO.2022-116 A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF WEST COVINA, CALIFORNIA, MAKING FINDINGS REGARDING THE NEED FOR MODIFICATIONS TO PROVISIONS OF THE 2022 CALIFORNIA BUILDING STANDARDS CODE DUE TO LOCAL CLIMATIC, GEOLOGICAL OR TOPOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS WHEREAS, California Health and Safety Code Section 18938 makes certain provisions published in the California Building Standards Code pursuant to California Health and Safety Code Section 17922 applicable to all occupancies throughout the State and effective 180 days after publication by the California Building Standards Commission ("Commission"), or at a later date established by the Commission; and WHEREAS, California Health and Safety Code Section 17958 permits cities to amend the requirements of the California Building Standards Code in accordance with California Health and Safety Code Sections 17958.6 and 17958.7; and WHEREAS, California Health and Safety Code Section 17958.5 permits cities in adopting provisions of the California Building Standards Code to make such modifications in such provisions as a city determines, pursuant to California Health and Safety Code Section 17958.7, are reasonably necessary because of local climatic, geological, or topographical conditions; and WHEREAS, California Health and Safety Code Section 17958.7 requires that a city, before making modifications pursuant to California Health and Safety Code Section 17958.5, make an express finding that such modifications are reasonably necessary because of local climatic, geological, or topographical conditions; and WHEREAS, under California Health and Safety Code Section 17958.7, modifications pursuant to California Health and Safety Code Section 17958.5 may not become effective until the required findings and the modifications have been filed with the California Building Standards Commission; and WHEREAS, on November 15, 2022, the County of Los Angeles adopted by reference and amended the 2022 California Building Code, Electrical Code, Plumbing Code, Mechanical Code, Residential Code, and Existing Building Code; and WHEREAS, the City finds that the amendments to the California Building Code, Electrical Code, Plumbing Code, Mechanical Code, Residential Code, and Existing Building Code as adopted by the County of Los Angeles are necessary and appropriate for the City because of local climatic, geologic and/or topographic conditions; and WHEREAS, the Los Angeles County Building, Electrical, Plumbing, Mechanical, Residential, and Existing Building Codes are used throughout the County of Los Angeles and a significant portion of the incorporated cities within the County of Los Angeles; and WHEREAS, the City is located within the County of Los Angeles, and the City Council believes that the findings made by the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors are applicable to and consistent with the desire of the City to provide the most technically proficient and safe construction codes possible; and WHEREAS, the Los Angeles County Codes are common, readily available for purchase, and well known to contractors, engineers, and architects, and WHEREAS, the City finds that further amendments to the 2023 Los Angeles County Codes are necessary because of local climatic, geologic and/or topographic conditions. NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF WEST COVINA, CALIFORNIA DOES RESOLVE AS FOLLOWS: SECTION 1. The City Council finds and declares that the changes to the provisions of the 2022 California Building Standards Code set forth in the City's ordinance adopting the 2023 Los Angeles County Building, Electrical, Plumbing, Mechanical, Residential, and Existing Building Codes, adopting the 2022 California Building Code, Electrical Code, Plumbing Code, Mechanical Code, Residential Code, and Existing Building Code with amendments, are reasonably necessary because of the local climatic, geological, or topographical conditions set forth in Exhibit A in accordance with California Health and Safety Code Section 17958.7. SECTION 2. The City Clerk shall file a copy of this Resolution, including Exhibit A, with the California Building Standards Commission in accordance with California Health and Safety Code Section 17958.7. SECTION 3. The City Clerk shall certify to the adoption of this resolution and shall enter the same in the book of original resolutions and it shall become effective immediately. APPROVED AND ADOPTED this 15th day of November, 2022. APPROVE TO FORM Thom s &De City Attorney Dario Castellanos Mayor ATTEST For; Lisa Sherd k Assistant City Clerk I, LISA SHERRICK, Assistant City Clerk of the City of West Covina, California, do hereby certify that the foregoing Resolution No. 2022-116 was duly adopted by the City Council of the City of West Covina, California, at a regular meeting thereof held on the 15th day of November, 2022, by the following vote of the City Council: AYES: Castellanos, Diaz, Lopez-Viado, Tabatabai, Wu NOES: None ABSENT: None ABSTAIN: None Foy: Lisa Sherri Assistant City Clerk EXHIBIT A FINDINGS REGARDING THE NEED FOR AMENDMENTS TO PROVISIONS IN THE 2022 CALIFORNIA BUILDING STANDARDS CODE DUE TO LOCAL CLIMATIC, GEOLOGICAL OR TOPOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS The City of West Covina makes the following findings regarding the need to amend the 2022 California Building Standards Code: Finding No.1: The City of West Covina has a semi -arid climate with a history of extended periods of draught, and frequent hot, dry winds (Santa Ana Winds) which compounds the increased risk of the spread of wild- and structure -fires. Finding No. 2: The City of West Covina contains areas of unique geological and topographical features such as steep slopes, non -cohesive soils, and expansive soils. In addition to the findings outlined above, because the City is adopting the 2022 California Building Code, Electrical Code, Plumbing Code, Mechanical Code, Residential Code, and Existing Building Code, as adopted and amended by Los Angeles County, the City Council hereby expressly finds that all changes and modifications to requirements contained in the building standards published in the California Building Code, Electrical Code, Plumbing Code, Mechanical Code, Residential Code, and Existing Building Code that are contained in the Los Angeles County provisions that are being adopted by the City are reasonably necessary because of local climatic, geological, or topographical conditions in the County of Los Angeles, including the City of West Covina, due to the potential for seismic activity in the region, topographical conditions that contribute to the spread of wild fires, and climatic conditions that impact air quality and increase the risk of wild fires. The City Council believes that the findings made by the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors are applicable to and consistent with the desire of the City to provide the most technically proficient and safe construction codes possible. Therefore, the City Council hereby makes the findings made by the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors as outlined in Attachment 1 hereto. EXHIBIT A -ATTACHMENT 1 BUILDING CODE AMENDMENTS Code Condition Explanation of Amendment Section 106.3.2, Administrative The greater Los Angeles/Long Beach region is situated Item 2 Geologic over a vast array of earthquake fault systems capable of producing major earthquakes, including, but not limited to, the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. Due to the risk of geologic activities in the Southern California area, buildings and structures require a high level of performance. This existing local enforcement provision limits the height of fences built without a permit in order to reduce the chance of failure of fences that may be built improperly. Because fences that are exempt from permits are constructed without the benefit of inspection to verify that proper construction methods are used, it has been observed that fences are commonly built without proper footings and/or reinforcement, which causes leaning and collapse of the fence. 701A.1 Climatic Clarifies the application of Chapter 7A to include additions, alterations, and/or relocated buildings. Many areas of the County have been designated as Fire Hazard Severity Zones due to low humidity, strong winds, and dry vegetation. Additions, alterations, and/or relocated buildings have the same fire risk as new buildings. 701A.3 Climatic larifies the application of Chapter 7A to include additions, alterations, and/or relocated buildings. Many areas of the County have been designated as Fire azard Severity Zones due to the increased risk of fire aused by low humidity, strong winds, and dry Los Angeles County Findings Page 1 EXHIBIT A -ATTACHMENT 1 Code Condition Explanation of Amendment Section vegetation. Additions, alterations, and/or relocated buildings have the same fire risk as new buildings. 701A.3.1 Climatic Clarifies the application of Chapter 7A to include additions, alterations, and/or relocated buildings. Many areas of the County have been designated as Fire Hazard Severity Zones due to the increased risk of fire caused by low humidity, strong winds, and dry vegetation. Additions, alterations, and/or relocated buildings have the same fire risk as new buildings. 703A.5.2 Climatic Disallows the use of wood-shingle/wood-shake roofs and due to the increased risk of fire in the County caused by 703A.5.2.2 low humidity, strong winds, and dry vegetation in high fire severity zones. 704A.4 Climatic Disallows the use of wood-shingle/wood-shake roofs due to the increased risk of fire in the County caused by low humidity, strong winds, and dry vegetation in high fire severity zones. 705A.2 Climatic Disallows the use of wood-shingle/wood-shake roofs and requires the use of Class A roof covering due to the increased risk of fire in the County caused by low humidity, strong winds, and dry vegetation in high fire severity zones. 1031.2.1 Geological The greater Los Angeles/Long Beach region is a densely populated area having buildings constructed over and near a vast array of earthquake fault systems capable of producing major earthquakes, including, but not limited to, the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. The proposed amendment is intended to prevent occupants from being trapped in a building and to allow rescue workers to easily enter after an earthquake. Table Geological Table amended to require proper anchorage for clay or 1507.3.7 concrete tiles from sliding or rotating due to the increased risk of significant earthquakes in the County. This amendment incorporates the design provisions developed based on detailed study of the 1994 Northridge and the 1971 Sylmar earthquakes. 1613.5 Geological Observed damages to one- and two-family dwellings of and light frame construction after the Northridge Earthquake 1613.5.1 may have been partially attributed to vertical irregularities common to this type of occupancy and construction. In an effort to improve quality of Los Angeles County Findings Page 2 EXHIBIT A - ATTACHMENT 1 Code Section Condition Explanation of Amendment construction and incorporate lesson learned from studies after the Northridge Earthquake, the proposed modification to ASCE 7-16, Section 12.2.3.1, Exception 3, by limiting the number of stories and height of the structure to two stories will significantly minimize the impact of vertical irregularities and concentration of inelastic behavior from mixed structural systems. This proposed amendment is a continuation of an amendment adopted during previous code adoption cycles, and is necessary due to the increased risk of significant earthquakes in the County. 1613.5.2 Geological A joint Structural Engineers Association of Southern California (SEAOSC), Los Angeles County and Los Angeles City Task Force investigated the performance of concrete and masonry construction with flexible wood diaphragm failures after the Northridge earthquake. It was concluded at that time that continuous ties are needed at specified spacing to control cross grain tension in the interior of the diaphragm. Additionally, there was a need to limit subdiaphragm allowable shear loads to control combined orthogonal stresses within the diaphragm. Recognizing the importance and need to continue the recommendation made by the task force while taking into consideration the improved performances and standards for diaphragm construction today, this proposal increases the continuous tie spacing limit to 40 ft in lieu of 25 ft and to use 75% of the allowable code diaphragm shear to determine the depth of the sub - diaphragm in lieu of the 300 plf and is deemed appropriate and acceptable. Due to the frequency of this type of failure during the past significant earthquakes, various jurisdictions within the Los Angeles region have taken this additional step to prevent roof or floor diaphragms from pulling away from concrete or masonry walls. This proposed amendment is a continuation of an amendment adopted during previous code adoption cycles. Los Angeles County Findings Page 3 EXHIBIT A -ATTACHMENT 1 1613.5.3 Geological The inclusion of the importance factor in this equation has the unintended consequence of reducing the minimum seismic separation distance for important facilities such as hospitals, schools, police, and fire stations from adjoining structures. The proposal to omit the importance factor from Equation 12.12-1 will ensure that a safe seismic separation distance is provided. This proposed amendment is a continuation of an amendment adopted during previous code adoption cycles. 1613.6 Geological Section is added to improve seismic safety of buildings Topographical constructed on or into hillsides. Due to the local topographical and geological conditions of the sites within the greater Los Angeles/Long Beach region and their probabilities for earthquakes, this technical amendment is required to address and clarify special needs for buildings constructed on hillside locations. A SEAOSC and Los Angeles City Joint Task Force investigated the performance of hillside building failures after the Northridge earthquake. Numerous hillside failures resulted in loss of life and millions of dollars in damage. These criteria were developed to minimize the damage to these structures and have been in use by both the City and County of Los Angeles for several years with much success. This amendment is a continuation of an amendment adopted during previous code adoption cycles. 1613.7 Geological The greater Los Angeles/Long Beach region is a densely populated area having buildings constructed over and near a vast array of fault systems capable of producing major earthquakes, including, but not limited to, the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. The proposed modification requiring safe design and construction requirements for ceiling suspension systems to resist seismic loads is intended to minimize the amount of damage within a building and therefore needs to be incorporated into the code to assure that new buildings and additions to existing buildings are designed and constructed in accordance with the scope and objectives of the California Building Code. Los Angeles County Findings Page 4 EXHIBIT A -ATTACHMENT 1 1704.6 Geological The language in section 1704.6 of the California Administrative Building Code permits the owner to employ any registered design professional to perform structural observations with minimum guidelines. However, it is important that the registered design professional responsible for the structural design has thorough knowledge of the building he/she designed. By requiring the registered design professional responsible for the structural design, or their designee, who was involved with the design to observe the construction, the quality of the observation for major structural elements and connections that affect the vertical and lateral load resisting systems of the structure will be greatly increased. Additional requirements are provided to help clarify the role and duties of the structural observer and the method of reporting and correcting observed deficiencies to the Building Official. This amendment is a continuation of an amendment adopted during previous code adoption cycles, and is necessary due to the increased risk of significant earthquakes in the County. 1704.6.1 Geological With the higher seismic demand placed on buildings and structures in this region, the language in section 1704.6.1, Item 3, of the California Building Code would permit many low-rise buildings and structures with complex structural elements to be constructed without the benefit of a structural observation. By requiring a registered design professional to observe the construction, the quality of the observation for major structural elements and connections that affect the vertical and lateral load resisting systems of the structure will be greatly increased. An exception is provided to permit simple structures and buildings to be excluded. This amendment is a continuation of an amendment adopted during previous code adoption cycles, and is necessary due to the increased risk of significant earthquakes in the County. 1705.3 Geological Results from studies after the 1994 Northridge Earthquake indicated that a significant portion of the damage was attributable to lack of quality control during construction resulting in poor performance of the building or structure. Therefore, the amendment restricts the exceptions to the requirement for special Los Angeles County Findings Page 5 EXHIBIT A -ATTACHMENT 1 inspection. This amendment is a continuation of an amendment adopted during previous code adoption cycles, and is necessary due to the increased risk of significant earthquakes in the County. 1705.13 Geological In Southern California, very few detached one- or two- family dwellings not exceeding two stories above grade plane are built as "box -type" structures specially for those in hillside areas and near the oceanfront. Many with steel moment frames or braced frames, and/or cantilevered columns, can still be shown as "regular" structures by calculations. With the higher seismic demand placed on buildings and structures in this region, the language in section 1705.13, Item 3, of the California Building Code would permit many detached one- or two-family dwellings not exceeding two stories above grade plane with complex structural elements to be constructed without the benefit of special inspections. By requiring special inspections, the quality of major structural elements and connections that affect the vertical and lateral load resisting systems of the structure will be greatly increased. The exception should only be allowed for detached one- or two-family dwellings not exceeding two stories above grade plane assigned to Seismic Design Categories A, B, and C. 1807.1.4 Climatic No substantiating data has been provided to show that a Geological wood foundation is effective in supporting buildings and structures during a seismic event while being subject to deterioration caused by the combined detrimental effect of constant moisture in the soil and wood -destroying organisms. Wood retaining walls, when they are not properly treated and protected against deterioration, have performed very poorly and have led to slope failures. Most contractors are typically accustomed to construction in dry and temperate weather in the Southern California region and are not generally familiar with the necessary precautions and treatment of wood that makes it suitable for both seismic events and wet applications. The proposed amendment takes the necessary precautionary steps to reduce or eliminate potential problems that may result by using wood foundations that experience relatively rapid decay due to the fact that the region does not experience temperatures cold enough to destroy or retard the growth and proliferation of wood -destroying organisms. Los Angeles County Findings Page 6 EXHIBIT A -ATTACHMENT 1 This amendment is a continuation of an amendment adopted during previous code adoption cycles, and is necessary due to the local climate and the increased risk of significant earthquakes in the County. 1807.1.6 Geological With the higher seismic demand placed on buildings and structures in this region, it is necessary to take precautionary steps to reduce or eliminate potential problems that may result by following prescriptive design provisions that do not take into consideration the surrounding environment. Plain concrete performs poorly in withstanding the cyclic forces resulting from seismic events. In addition, no substantiating data has been provided to show that under -reinforced foundation walls are effective in resisting seismic loads, and may potentially lead to a higher risk of failure. It is important that the benefit and expertise of a registered design professional be obtained to properly analyze the structure and take these issues into consideration. This amendment is a continuation of an amendment adopted during previous code adoption cycles. 1807.2 Climatic, No substantiating data has been provided to show that Geological wood foundation systems are effective in supporting buildings and structures during a seismic event while being subject to deterioration caused by the combined detrimental effects of constant moisture in the soil and wood -destroying organisms. Wood foundation systems not properly treated and protected against deterioration have performed very poorly and have led to slope failures. Most contractors are typically accustomed to construction in dry and temperate weather in the Southern California region and are not generally familiar with the necessary precautions and treatment of wood that makes it suitable for both seismic events and wet applications. The proposed amendment takes the precautionary steps to reduce or eliminate potential problems that may result in using wood foundation systems that experience relatively rapid decay due to the fact that the region does not experience temperatures cold enough to destroy or retard the growth and proliferation of wood -destroying organisms. This proposed amendment is a continuation of an amendment adopted during previous code adoption cycles. Los Angeles County Findings Page 7 EXHIBIT A -ATTACHMENT 1 1807.3.1 Climatic, No substantiating data has been provided to show that Geological wood foundation systems are effective in supporting buildings and structures during a seismic event while being subject to deterioration caused by the combined detrimental effects of constant moisture in the soil and wood -destroying organisms. Wood foundation systems not properly treated and protected against deterioration have performed very poorly and have led to slope failures. Most contractors are typically accustomed to construction in dry and temperate weather in the Southern California region and are not generally familiar with the necessary precautions and treatment of wood that makes it suitable for both seismic events and wet applications. The proposed amendment takes the precautionary steps to reduce or eliminate potential problems that may result in using wood foundation systems that experience relatively rapid decay due to the fact that the region does not experience temperatures cold enough to destroy or retard the growth and proliferation of wood -destroying organisms. This proposed amendment is a continuation of an amendment adopted during previous code adoption cycles. 1809.3 and Geological With the higher seismic demand placed on buildings Figure and structures in this region, it is necessary to take 1809.3 precautionary steps to reduce or eliminate potential problems that may result for under -reinforced footings located on sloped surfaces. Requiring minimum reinforcement for stepped footings is intended to address the problem of poor performance of plain or under -reinforced footings during a seismic event. This amendment is a continuation of an amendment adopted during previous code adoption cycles. 1809.7 and Geological No substantiating data has been provided to show that Table under -reinforced footings are effective in resisting 1809.7 seismic loads, and therefore they may potentially lead to a higher risk of failure. This amendment requires minimum reinforcement in continuous footings to address the problem of poor performance of plain or under -reinforced footings during a seismic event. With the higher seismic demand placed on buildings and structures in this region, it is necessary to take precautionary steps to reduce or eliminate potential Los Angeles County Findings Page 8 EXHIBIT A - ATTACHMENT 1 problems that may result by following prescriptive design provisions for footings that do not take into consideration the surrounding environment. It is important that the benefit and expertise of a registered design professional be obtained to properly analyze the structure and take these factors into consideration. This amendment reflects the recommendations by the SEAOSC and the Los Angeles City Joint Task Force, which investigated the performance deficiencies observed in the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. This amendment is a continuation of an amendment adopted during previous code adoption cycles. 1809.12 Climatic No substantiating data has been provided to show that Geological timber footings are effective in supporting buildings and structures during a seismic event while being subject to deterioration caused by the combined detrimental effects of constant moisture in the soil and wood - destroying organisms. Timber footings, when they are not properly treated and protected against deterioration, have performed very poorly. Most contractors are typically accustomed to construction in dry and temperate weather in the Southern California region and are not generally familiar with the necessary precautions and treatment of wood that makes it suitable for both seismic events and wet applications. The proposed amendment takes the necessary precautionary steps to reduce or eliminate potential problems, which may result by using timber footings that experience relatively rapid decay due to the fact that the region does not experience temperatures cold enough to destroy or retard the growth and proliferation of wood -destroying organisms. This amendment is a continuation of an amendment adopted during previous code adoption cycles, and is necessary due to the local climate and the increased risk of significant earthquakes in the County. 1810.3.2.4 Climatic No substantiating data has been provided to show that Geological timber footings are effective in supporting buildings and structures during a seismic event while being subject to deterioration caused by the combined detrimental effects of constant moisture in the soil and wood - destroying organisms. Timber footings, when they are not properly treated and protected against deterioration, have performed very poorly. Most contractors are Los Angeles County Findings Page 9 EXHIBIT A -ATTACHMENT 1 typically accustomed to construction in dry and temperate weather in the Southern California region and are not generally familiar with the necessary precautions and treatment of wood that makes it suitable for both seismic events and wet applications. The proposed amendment takes the necessary precautionary steps to reduce or eliminate potential problems that may result by using timber footings that experience relatively rapid decay due to the fact that the region does not experience temperatures cold enough to destroy or retard the growth and proliferation of wood -destroying organisms. This amendment is a continuation of an amendment adopted during previous code adoption cycles, and is necessary due to the local climate and the increased risk of significant earthquakes in the County. 1905.1 Geological This amendment is intended to carry over critical provisions for the design of concrete columns in moment frames from the legacy 1997 Uniform Building Code. Increased confinement is critical to the integrity of such columns and these modifications ensure that it is provided when certain thresholds are exceeded. In addition, this amendment carries over from the legacy 1997 Uniform Building Code a critical provision for the design of concrete shear walls. It essentially limits the use of very highly gravity -loaded walls in being included in the seismic load resisting system, since their failure could have catastrophic effect on the building. Furthermore, this amendment was incorporated in the code based on observations from the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. Rebar placed in very thin concrete topping slabs have been observed in some instances to have popped out of the slab due to insufficient concrete coverage. This modification ensures that critical boundary and collector rebars are placed in sufficiently thick topping slab to prevent buckling of such reinforcements. This proposed amendment is a continuation of an amendment adopted during previous code adoption cycles, and is necessary due to the increased risk of significant earthquakes in the County. 1905.1.7 Geological This amendment requires minimum reinforcement in continuous footings to address the problem of poor performance of plain or under -reinforced footings during a seismic event. This amendment reflects the Los Angeles County Findings Page 10 EXHIBIT A - ATTACHMENT 1 recommendations by the SEAOSC and the Los Angeles City Joint Task Force, which investigated the poor performance observed in the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. This amendment is a continuation of an amendment adopted during previous code adoption cycles, and is necessary due to the increased risk of significant earthquakes in the County. 1905.1.8 Geological These amendments are intended to carry over critical through provisions for the design of concrete columns in 1905.1.11 moment frames from the Uniform Building Code (UBC). Increased confinement is critical to the integrity of such columns and these modifications ensure that it is provided when certain thresholds are exceeded. In addition, this amendment carries over from the UBC a critical provision for the design of concrete shear walls. It essentially limits the use of very highly gravity -loaded walls from being included in the seismic load resisting system, since their failure could have a catastrophic effect on the building. Furthermore, this amendment was incorporated into this Code based on observations from the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. Rebar placed in very thin concrete topping slabs has been observed in some instances to have popped out of the slab due to insufficient concrete coverage. This modification ensures that critical boundary and collector rebars are placed in sufficiently thick slabs to prevent buckling of such reinforcements. This amendment is a continuation of an amendment adopted during previous code adoption cycles, and is necessary due to the increased risk of significant earthquakes in the County. 2304.10.2 Geological Due to the high geologic activities in the Southern and Table California area and the expected higher level of 2304.10.2 performance on buildings and structures, this proposed local amendment limits the use of staple fasteners in resisting or transferring seismic forces. In September 2007, limited cyclic testing data was provided to the ]CC, Los Angeles Chapter Structural Code Committee, showing that stapled wood structural shear panels do not exhibit the same behavior as nailed wood structural shear panels. The test results of stapled wood structural shear panels demonstrated much lower strength and drift than nailed wood structural shear panel test results. Therefore, the use of staples as fasteners to resist or transfer seismic forces shall not be Los Angeles County Findings Page 11 EXHIBIT A -ATTACHMENT 1 permitted without being substantiated by cyclic testing. This amendment is a continuation of a similar amendment adopted during previous code adoption cycles, and is necessary due to the increased risk of significant earthquakes in the County. 2304.10.3.1 Geological The overdriving of nails into the structural wood panels still remains a concern when pneumatic nail guns are used for wood structural panel shear wall nailing. Box nails were observed to cause massive and multiple failures of the typical 3/8-inch thick plywood during the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. The use of clipped head nails continues to be restricted from use in wood structural panel shear walls where the minimum nail head size must be maintained in order to minimize nails from pulling through sheathing materials. Clipped or mechanically driven nails used in wood structural panel shear wall construction were found to perform much worse in previous wood structural panel shear wall testing done at the University of California Irvine. The existing test results indicated that, under cyclic loading, the wood structural panel shear walls were less energy absorbent and less ductile. The panels reached ultimate load capacity and failed at substantially less lateral deflection than those using same -size hand - driven nails. This amendment reflects the recommendations by the SEAOSC and the Los Angeles City Joint Task Force, which investigated the poor performance observed in the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. This amendment is a continuation of an amendment adopted during previous code adoption cycles, and is necessary due to the increased risk of significant earthquakes in the County. 2304.12.2.8 Climatic No substantiating data has been provided to show that Geological wood used in retaining or crib walls is effective in supporting buildings and structures during a seismic event while being subject to deterioration caused by the combined detrimental effect of constant moisture in the soil and wood -destroying organisms. Wood used in retaining or crib walls, when it is not properly treated and protected against deterioration, has performed very poorly. Most contractors are typically accustomed to construction in dry and temperate weather in the Southern California region and are not generally familiar with the necessary precautions and treatment Los Angeles County Findings Page 12 EXHIBIT A - ATTACHMENT 1 of wood that makes it suitable for both seismic events and wet applications. The proposed amendment takes the necessary precautionary steps to reduce or eliminate potential problems that may result by using wood in retaining or crib walls, which experience relatively rapid decay due to the fact that the region does not experience temperatures cold enough to destroy or retard the growth and proliferation of wood - destroying organisms. This amendment is a continuation of an amendment adopted during previous code adoption cycles, and is necessary due to the local climate and the increased risk of significant earthquakes in the County. 2305.4 Geological Many of the hold-down connectors currently in use do not have any acceptance report based on dynamic testing protocols. This amendment continues to limit the allowable capacity to 75% of the acceptance report value to provide an additional factor of safety for statically tested anchorage devices. Cyclic forces imparted on buildings and structures by seismic activity cause more damage than equivalent forces that are applied in a static manner. Steel plate washers will reduce the additional damage that can result when hold-down connectors are fastened to wood framing members. This amendment reflects the recommendations by the SEAOSC and the Los Angeles City Joint Task Force, which investigated the poor performance observed in the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. This amendment is a continuation of an amendment adopted during previous code adoption cycles, and is necessary due to the increased risk of significant earth uakes in the County. 2306.2 Geological The SEAOSC and the Los Angeles City Joint Task 2306.3 Force that investigated damage to buildings and 2307.2 structures during the 1994 Northridge Earthquake 2308.6.5.1 recommended reducing allowable shear values in wood 2308.6.5.2 structural panel shear walls or diaphragms that were Figure not substantiated by cyclic testing. That 2308.6.5.1 recommendation was consistent with a report to the and Figure Governor from the Seismic Safety Commission of the 2308.6.5.2 State of California recommending that code requirements be "more thoroughly substantiated with testing." The allowable shear values for wood structural panel shear walls or diaphragms fastened Los Angeles County Findings Page 13 EXHIBIT A - ATTACHMENT 1 with staples are based on monotonic testing and do not take into consideration that earthquake forces load shear wall or diaphragm in a repeating and fully reversible manner. In September 2007, limited cyclic testing was conducted by a private engineering firm to determine if wood structural panels fastened with staples would exhibit the same behavior as wood structural panels fastened with common nails. The test result revealed that wood structural panels fastened with staples demonstrated much lower strength and stiffness than wood structural panels fastened with common nails. It was recommended that the use of staples as fasteners for wood structural panel shear walls or diaphragms not be permitted to resist seismic forces in structures assigned to Seismic Design Categories D, E, and F unless it can be substantiated by cyclic testing. Furthermore, the cities and unincorporated areas within the greater Los Angeles/Long Beach region have taken extra measures to maintain the structural integrity of the framing of shear walls and diaphragms designed for high levels of seismic forces by requiring wood sheathing be applied directly over the framing members and prohibiting the use of panels placed over gypsum sheathing. This amendment is intended to prevent the undesirable performance of nails when gypsum board softens due to cyclic earthquake displacements and the nail ultimately does not have any engagement in a solid material within the thickness of the gypsum board. This amendment continues the previous amendment adopted during the 2007 code adoption cycle. 2308.6.8.1 Geological With the higher seismic demand placed on buildings and structures in this region, interior walls can easily be called upon to resist over half of the seismic loading imposed on simple buildings or structures. Without a continuous foundation to support the braced wall line, seismic loads would be transferred through other elements such as non-structural concrete slab floors, wood floors, etc. The purpose of this amendment is to limit the use of the exception to structures assigned to Seismic Design Category A, B, or C where lower seismic demands are expected. Requiring interior braced walls be supported by continuous foundations is intended to reduce or eliminate the poor performance of Los Angeles County Findings Page 14 EXHIBIT A -ATTACHMENT 1 buildings or structures. This amendment is a continuation of an amendment adopted during previous code adoption cycles, and is necessary due to the increased risk of significant earthquake in the County. Table Geological This amendment specifies minimum sheathing 2308.6.1 thickness and nail size and spacing so as to provide a uniform standard of construction for designers and buildings to follow. This is intended to improve the performance level of buildings and structures that are subject to the higher seismic demands placed on buildings or structure in this region. This proposed amendment reflects the recommendations by the SEAOSC and the Los Angeles City Joint Task Force, which investigated the performance deficiencies observed in the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. This amendment is a continuation of an amendment adopted during previous code adoption cycles, and is necessary due to the increased risk of significant earthquakes in the County. 2308.6.9 Geological Due to the high geologic activities in the Southern California area and the required higher level of performance of buildings and structures, this amendment limits the use of staple fasteners in resisting or transferring seismic forces. In September 2007, limited cyclic testing data was provided to the ICC, Los Angeles Chapter Structural Code Committee, showing that stapled wood structural shear panels do not exhibit the same behavior as nailed wood structural shear panels. The test results of stapled wood structural shear panels demonstrated much lower strength and drift than nailed wood structural shear panel test results. Therefore, the use of staples as fasteners to resist or transfer seismic forces shall not be permitted without being substantiated by cyclic testing. This amendment is a continuation of a similar amendment adopted during previous code adoption cycles. 3115 TTable Climatic, The greater Los Angeles/Long Beach region is situated 3115.8.5.3 Geologic over a vast array of earthquake fault systems capable of producing major earthquakes, including, but not limited to, the recent 1994 Northridge Earthquake. The region is further impacted by construction of buildings and structures utilizing traditional construction materials that impact the amount of energy, air quality, Los Angeles County Findings Page 15 EXHIBIT A - ATTACHMENT 1 greenhouse gas emission and construction waste in the area. The proposed amendment addresses structural design requirements specific to intermodal shipping containers, reduce environmental impact of unused and unrecycled intermodal shipping containers, and increase sustainability by reducing consumption of traditional construction materials. The proposed modification needs to be incorporated into the code to assure that new buildings and additions to existing buildings utilizing intermodal shipping containers are designed and constructed in accordance with the scope and objectives of the California Building Code and California Green Building Standards Code Appendix C Climatic, Los Angeles County is a diverse region with both Geologic, densely populated urban areas and rural areas with Voluntary various agricultural and animal husbandry appendix establishments. Many areas of the County have been designated as Fire Hazard Severity Zones due to the increased risk of fire caused by low humidity, strong winds, and dry vegetation, particularly the rural areas, which are often used for agricultural purposes. Furthermore, the greater Los Angeles/Long Beach region is situated over a vast array of earthquake fault systems capable of producing major earthquakes, including, but not limited to, the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. Due to the need for agricultural buildings to perform appropriately in the County due to its geology and climate, adoption of building standards for such structures is required. Appendix H Climatic, Los Angeles County is a diverse region with both Geologic, densely populated urban areas and rural areas with Voluntary various signs used in the County. The Los Angeles appendix region is situated over a vast array of earthquake fault systems capable of producing major earthquakes, including, but not limited to, the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. In addition, weather events occur seasonally with high winds such as the Santa Ana Winds. Due to the need for signs to perform well in the County due to its climate and geology, adoption of building standards for signs is required. H103.1 Geologic, Los Angeles County is a diverse region with both Administrative, densely populated urban areas and rural areas with Voluntary various signs used in the County. The greater appendix Los Angeles/Long Beach region is situated over a vast Los Angeles County Findings Page 16 EXHIBIT A -ATTACHMENT 1 array of earthquake fault systems capable of producing major earthquakes, including, but not limited to, the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. This provision is amended to cross-reference to applicable legal provisions and also to ensure that signs are located in such a way as to avoid damage to adjacent structures and people given the potential for earthquakes in the County. H103.2 Geologic, Los Angeles County is a diverse region with both Administrative, densely populated urban areas and rural areas with Voluntary various signs used in the County. The greater appendix Los Angeles/Long Beach region is situated over a vast array of earthquake fault systems capable of producing major earthquakes, including, but not limited to, the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. This provision is amended to cross-reference to applicable legal provisions and also to ensure that sign projections and clearances are located in such a way as to avoid damage to adjacent structures and people given the potential for earthquakes in the County. H104.1 Geologic, The greater Los Angeles/Long Beach region is situated Voluntary over a vast array of earthquake fault systems capable appendix of producing major earthquakes, including, but not limited to, the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. Due to the risk of geologic activities in the Southern California area, buildings and structures require a high level of performance, which is directly proportional to the weight of a structure. By adding the weight of a sign to the identification placard, it will improve the ability to provide structural verification in the event of damage or future modifications. H105.1 Administrative, The amendment provides a cross reference to Chapter Voluntary 24 for user convenience. appendix H106.1, Administrative, This change corrects a call out from the model electrical H106.2 Voluntary code to the relevant local electrical code and clarifies appendix that a separate electrical permit is required for user convenience. H110.1 Climatic, Due to the potential for severe local weather conditions Voluntary with torrential rain, it is necessary to clarify that no appendix portions of the roof sign and supporting members may interfere with proper roof drainage to prevent the potential for roof collapse due to water accumulation. Los Angeles County Findings Page 17 EXHIBIT A -ATTACHMENT 1 H116 Climatic, Due to the potential for severe local weather with high Voluntary speed winds and hot, dry conditions, it is necessary appendix that the most recent test standards as specified in Chapter 35 are adopted in lieu of the older test standards specified in Section H116. This ensures that the risk from fires is minimized. J101.1 to Geological Sections revised to include erosion and sediment J101.9 Topographical control measures to address the complex and diverse Climatic set of soil types and geologic conditions that exist in the greater Los Angeles County/Long Beach region. J101.10 Geological Section revised to maintain safety and integrity of public Topographical or private property adjacent to grading sites due to the Climatic complex and diverse set of soil types, climates, and geologic conditions that exist in the greater Los Angeles County/LongCounty/Long Beach region. J103.1 — Geological Sections revised to provide adequate control of grading J103.2 and Topographical operations typical to the greater Los Angeles Figure Climatic County/Long Beach region due to the complex and J103.2 diverse set of soil types, climates, and geologic conditions that exist in the greater Los Angeles County/LongCounty/Long Beach region. J104.2.1 — Geological Sections revised or added to provide adequate control J104.4 Topographical of grading operations typical to the greater Los Angeles Climatic County/Long Beach region due to the complex and diverse set of soil types, climates, and geologic conditions that exist in the greater Los Angeles County/LongCounty/Long Beach region. J105.1- Geological Sections revised or added to provide adequate control J105.14 Topographical of grading operations typical to the greater Los Angeles Climatic County/Long Beach region due to the complex and diverse set of soil types, climates, and geologic conditions that exist in the greater Los Angeles County/LongCounty/Long Beach region. J106.1 Geological Section revised to require more stringent cut slope Topographical ratios to address the complex and diverse set of soil Climatic types and geologic conditions that exist in the greater Los Angeles County/Long Beach region. J107.1- Geological Sections revised to provide more stringent fill J107.7 Topographical requirements for slope stability and settlement due to Climatic the complex and diverse set of soil types, climates, and geologic conditions that exist in the greater Los Angeles County/LongCounty/Long Beach region. Los Angeles County Findings Page 18 EXHIBIT A - ATTACHMENT 1 J107.8 — Geological Sections revised to provide more stringent inspection J107.9 Topographical and testing requirements for fill slope stability due to the Climatic complex and diverse set of soil types, climates, and geologic conditions that exist in the greater Los Angeles County/LongCounty/Long Beach region. J108.1 — Geological Sections revised to provide more stringent slope J108.4 Topographical setback requirements to address the complex and Climatic diverse set of soil types, climates, and geologic conditions that exist in the greater Los Angeles County/LongCounty/Long Beach region. J109.1 — Geological Sections revised to provide more stringent drainage J109.3 Topographical and terracing requirements to address the complex and Climatic diverse set of soil types, climates, and geologic conditions that exist in the greater Los Angeles County/LongCounty/Long Beach region. J109.5 Geological Subsection added to provide for adequate outlet of Topographical drainage flows due to the diverse set of soil types, Climatic climates, and geologic conditions that exist in the greater Los Angeles County/Long Beach region. J110.1 - Geological Sections revised or added to provide for State J110.8.5 Topographical requirements of storm water pollution prevention and Climatic more stringent slope planting, and slope stability requirements to control erosion due to the complex and diverse set of soil types, climates, and geologic conditions that exist in the greater Los Angeles County/LongCounty/Long Beach region. J111 Geological Section revised to reference additional standards for Topographical soils testing due to the complex and diverse set of soil Climatic types, climates, and geologic conditions that exist in the greater Los Angeles County/LongCounty/Long Beach region. Appendix P Administrative, Adoption of this appendix is necessary because strict P101.1, Voluntary compliance with State and local standards and laws P102.1, appendix would prevent, hinder, or delay the mitigation of the P103.1, Climatic effects of a declared shelter crisis, local emergency or P103.4, Geologic state of emergency. The modifications to this appendix P107.1 Topographical are administrative in nature, to provide clarification of various provisions of the language of this voluntary Appendix. Los Angeles County Findings Page 19 EXHIBIT A - ATTACHMENT 1 P106.1 Climatic Los Angeles County is subject to extreme temperatures, and many of these membrane structures will be erected and occupied during severe weather events. It is necessary to include this amendment to ensure the safety, health, and comfort of the occupants is maintained during extreme heat and cold. P110.1.1, Administrative These sections are a cross reference to the State P110.1.2 Plumbing Code requirement for user convenience and is not adding a new building standard nor enacting a more restrictive requirement. To the extent findings are requested, see prefatory language in this Section. P110.3 Climatic, The County may utilize mobile restroom facilities that Voluntary are physically separate from the living facilities. Due to appendix the potential for severe local weather conditions, with extreme temperatures or torrential rain, the distance to the restroom facilities required for the comfort, safety, and health of displaced people should be reduced to 300 feet or as determined by the Building Official. Los Angeles County Findings Page 20 EXHIBIT A -ATTACHMENT 1 ELECTRICAL CODE AMENDMENTS CODE SECTION CONDITION EXPLANATION 220.41 Climatic The County of Los Angeles is a densely populated area with varying and occasionally immoderate temperatures and weather conditions. This creates the need for highly efficient buildings to reduce demand on the electrical grid and, in turn, reduce the use of fossil fuels and improve air quality. The proposed amendment will provide a cost- effective means for homeowners to increase energy savings and reduce the demand on the electrical grid by requiring the installation of an energy storage system for current or future use, with minimal need for additional construction and modification of the existing electrical system. Los Angeles County Findings Page 21 EXHIBIT A - ATTACHMENT 1 PLUMBING CODE AMENDMENTS CODE SECTION CONDITION EXPLANATION Section 304.1 Geological The County of Los Angeles is a densely Topographical populated area with buildings constructed Climatic within a region where water is scarce and domestic water service is impacted by immoderate and varying weather conditions, including periods of extended drought. The proposed measures will require buildings to be more water efficient and allow greater conservation of domestic water due to these local conditions. Los Angeles County Findings Page 22 EXHIBIT A -ATTACHMENT 1 Sections 601.2.3 Geological The County of Los Angeles is a densely Topographical populated area with buildings constructed Climatic within a region where water is scarce and domestic water service is impacted by immoderate and varying weather conditions, including periods of extended drought. The proposed measures will require buildings to be more water efficient and allow greater conservation of domestic water due to these local conditions. Section 721.3 Geological To allow for the proper operation of existing Topographical Los Angeles County sewer infrastructure and establish consistency with Title 20 — Utilities of the Los Angeles County Code, Division 2 (Sanitary Sewers and Industrial Waste) due to local soil conditions and topography. Sections 728.1 to Geological To allow for the proper operation of existing 728.6 Topographical Los Angeles County sewer infrastructure and establish consistency with Title 20 — Utilities of the Los Angeles County Code, Division 2 (Sanitary Sewers and Industrial Waste) due to local soil conditions and topography. Table H 101.8 Geological To establish more restrictive requirements for Topographical protection of local groundwater due to local soil conditions and to provide protections for native, protected oak trees that are consistent with Title 22 — Zoning and Planning — of the Los Angeles County Code, Chapter 22.174 (Oak Tree Permits). Table H 2O1.1(1) Geological To establish more restrictive requirements for Topographical protection of local groundwater due to local soil conditions, sewer capacity, and sewage treatment. Table H 2O1.1(2) Geological To establish consistency with requirements of Topographical the County Health Department for sewer capacity and sewage treatment due to local soil conditions. Table H 2O1.1(3) Geological To establish consistency with requirements of Topographical the County Health Department for sewer capacity and sewage treatment due to local soil conditions. Los Angeles County Findings Page 23 EXHIBIT A - ATTACHMENT 1 Table H 2O1.1(4) Geological To establish consistency with requirements of Topographical the County Health Department for sewer capacity and sewage treatment due to local soil conditions. Section H 301.1 Geological To establish more restrictive requirements for Topographical protection of local groundwater due to local soil conditions. Section H 401.3 Geological To establish more restrictive requirements for Topographical protection of local groundwater due to local soil conditions. Section H 601.5 Geological To establish more restrictive requirements for Topographical protection of local groundwater due to local soil conditions. Section H 601.8 Geological To establish more restrictive requirements for Topographical protection of local groundwater due to local soil conditions. Section H 701.2 Geological To establish more restrictive requirements for Topographical protection of local groundwater due to local soil conditions. Section H 1001.1 Geological To establish more restrictive requirements to prevent earth movement based on local soil and seismic conditions. Section H 1101.6 Geological To establish more restrictive requirements to prevent earth movement based on local soil and seismic conditions. Los Angeles County Findings Page 24 EXHIBIT A - ATTACHMENT 1 Appendix S Climatic To establish requirements for solar thermal energy systems based on provisions in the Uniform Solar, Hydronics and Geothermal Code (USHGC), which is developed by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials. The County of Los Angeles is a densely populated area, with elevated levels of greenhouse gas emissions. Standards to regulate the installation of solar thermal energy systems will facilitate safe and efficient installations of these systems to improve local air quality, thereby improving the health of the County's residents, businesses and visitors. Los Angeles County Findings Page 25 EXHIBIT A - ATTACHMENT 1 MECHANICAL CODE AMENDMENTS CODE SECTION CONDITION EXPLANATION 501.1 Climatic Additional Health Department requirements are necessary due to local air quality concerns. 510.1.6 Geological High geologic activities, such as seismic events, in the Southern California area necessitate this local amendment for bracing and support. 603.7.1.1 Geological High geologic activities, such as seismic events, in the Southern California area necessitate this local amendment for bracing and support. 1114.4 Geological High geologic activities, such as seismic events, in the Southern California area necessitate this local amendment to reduce damage and potential for toxic refrigerant release during a seismic event caused by shifting equipment and to minimize impacts to the sewer system in such an event. Los Angeles County Findings Page 26 EXHIBIT A -ATTACHMENT 1 RESIDENTIAL CODE AMENDMENTS Code Section Condition Explanation of Amendment R301.1.3.2 Geological Los Angeles County is prone to seismic activity due to the existence of active faults in the Southern California area. After the 1994 Northridge Earthquake, the Wood Frame Construction Joint Task Force recommended that the quality of woodframe construction needed to be greatly improved. The Task Force recommended that structural plans be prepared by the engineer or architect so that plan examiners, building inspectors, contractors, and special inspectors may logically follow and construct the seismic force -resisting systems as presented in the construction documents. For buildings or structures located in Seismic Design Category Do, D1, D2, or E that are subject to a greater level of seismic forces, the requirement to have a California licensed architect or engineer prepare the construction documents is intended to minimize or reduce structural deficiencies that may cause excessive damage or injuries in woodframe buildings. Involvement of a registered professional will minimize the occurrence of structural deficiencies such as plan and vertical irregularities, improper shear transfer of the seismic force -resisting system, missed details or connections important to the structural system, and the improper application of the prescriptive requirements of the California Residential Code. Los Angeles County Findings Page 27 EXHIBIT A - ATTACHMENT 1 R301.1.5 Geological Due to the local topographical and geological Topographical conditions of the sites within the greater Los Angeles region and their susceptibility to earthquakes, this technical amendment is required to address and clarify special needs for buildings constructed on hillside locations. Ajoint Structural Engineers Association of Southern California (SEAOSC) and Los Angeles City Joint Task Force investigated the performance of hillside building failures after the Northridge Earthquake. Numerous hillside failures resulted in loss of life and millions of dollars in damage. These criteria were developed to minimize the damage to these structures and have been in use by the City and County of Los Angeles for several ears. R301.2.2.6 Geological Los Angeles County is prone to seismic activity due to the existence of active faults in the Southern California area. Due to the high geologic activities in the Southern California area and the necessary higher level of performance required for buildings and structures, this local amendment limits the type of irregular conditions as specified in the 2022 California Residential Code. Such limitations are recommended to reduce structural damage in the event of an earthquake. The County of Los Angeles and cities in this region have implemented these extra measures to maintain the structural integrity of the framing of the shear walls and all associated elements when designed for high levels of seismic loads. R301.2.2.11 Geological Los Angeles County is prone to seismic activity due to the existence of active faults in the Southern California area. Due to the high geologic activity in the Southern California area and the necessary higher level of performance required for buildings and structures, this local amendment limits the potential anchorage and supporting frame failure resulting from additional weight. There is no limitation for weight of mechanical and plumbing fixtures and equipment in the International Residential Code. Requirements from ASCE 7 and the International Building Code would permit equipment weighing up to 400 lbs. when mounted at 4 feet or less above the floor or attic level without engineering design. Where equipment exceeds this requirement, it is the intent of this Los Angeles County Findings Page 28 EXHIBIT A -ATTACHMENT 1 amendment that a registered design professional be required to analyze if the floor support is adequate and structural) sound. Table Climatic This amendment will not allow unprotected openings R302.1(2) (openings that do not resist the spread of fire) to be in the exterior wall of a residential building that is located on a property line. This amendment is necessary due to local climatic conditions. The hot, dry weather conditions of late summer in combination with the Santa Ana winds creates an extreme fire danger. Residential buildings with unprotected openings located on a property line may permit fires to spread from the inside of the building to adjacent properties and likewise from exterior properties to the interior of the building. R337.1.1 Climatic Extends the application of Chapter R337 to include additions, alterations, and/or relocated buildings. Many areas of Los Angeles County have been designated as Fire Hazard Severity Zones due to low humidity, strong winds, and dry vegetation. Additions, alterations, and/or relocated buildings have the same fire risk as new buildings. R337.1.3 Climatic Extends the application of Chapter R337 to include additions, alterations, and/or relocated buildings. Many areas of Los Angeles County have been designated as Fire Hazard Severity Zones due to the increased risk of fire caused by low humidity, strong winds, and dry vegetation. Additions, alterations, and/or relocated buildings have the same fire risk as new buildings. R337.1.3.1 Climatic Extends the application of Chapter R337 to include additions, alterations, and/or relocated buildings. Many areas of Los Angeles County have been designated as Fire Hazard Severity Zones due to the increased risk of fire caused by low humidity, strong winds, and dry vegetation. Additions, alterations, and/or relocated buildings have the same fire risk as new buildings. R337.3.5.2 Climatic Disallows the use of wood-shingle/wood-shake roofs due to the increased risk of fire in Los Angeles County caused by low humidity, strong winds, and dry vegetation in Fire Hazard Severity Zones. Los Angeles County Findings Page 29 EXHIBIT A - ATTACHMENT 1 R337.3.5.2.2 Climatic Disallows the use of wood-shingle/wood-shake roofs due to the increased risk of fire in Los Angeles County caused by low humidity, strong winds, and dry vegetation in Fire Hazard Severity Zones. R337.4.4 Climatic Disallows the use of wood-shingle/wood-shake roofs due to the increased risk of fire in Los Angeles County caused by low humidity, strong winds, and dry vegetation in Fire Hazard Severity Zones. R337.5.2 Climatic Disallows the use of wood-shingle/wood-shake roofs and requires the use of Class A roof covering due to the increased risk of fire in Los Angeles County caused by low humidity, strong winds, and dry vegetation in Fire Hazard Severity Zones. R401.1 Geological Los Angeles County is prone to seismic activity due to the existence of active faults in the Southern California area. Wood foundations, even those that are preservative -treated, encounter a higher risk of deterioration when contacting the adjacent ground. The required seismic anchorage and transfer of lateral forces into the foundation system necessary for 2-story structures and foundation walls could become compromised at varying states of wood decay. In addition, global structure overturning moment and sliding resistance is reduced when utilizing wood foundations as opposed to conventional concrete or masonry systems. However, non -occupied, single -story storage structures pose significantly less risk to human safety and may utilize the wood foundation guidelines specified in this Chapter. Los Angeles County Findings Page 30 EXHIBIT A - ATTACHMENT 1 R403.12 Climatic Los Angeles County is prone to seismic activity due R403.1.3.6 Geological to the existence of active faults in the Southern R403.1.5 California area. These amendments require Figure minimum reinforcement in continuous footings and R403.1.5 stepped footings to address the problem of poor performance of plain or under -reinforced footings during a seismic event. These amendments implement the recommendations of SEAOSC and the Los Angeles City Joint Task Force resulting from their investigation of the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. Interior walls can easily be called upon to resist over half of the seismic loading imposed on simple buildings or structures. Without a continuous foundation to support the braced wall line, seismic loads would be transferred through other elements such as non-structural concrete slab floors, wood floors, etc. Requiring interior braced walls to be supported by continuous foundations is intended to reduce or eliminate the poor performance of buildings or structures. R404.2 Climatic No substantiating data has been provided to show Geological that wood foundations are effective in supporting structures and buildings during a seismic event while being subject to deterioration caused by the presence of water and other materials detrimental to wood foundations in the soil. Wood foundations, when they are not properly treated and protected against deterioration, have performed very poorly and have led to slope failures. Most contractors are typically accustomed to construction in dry weather in the Southern California region and are not generally familiar with the necessary precautions and treatment of wood that makes it suitable for both seismic events and wet applications. With the higher seismic demand placed on buildings and structures in this region, coupled with the dryer weather conditions, it is the intent of this amendment to reduce or eliminate potential problems resulting from the use of wood footings and foundations. Los Angeles County Findings Page 31 EXHIBIT A -ATTACHMENT 1 R501.2 Geological Due to the high geologic activities in the Southern California area and the necessary higher level of performance required for buildings and structures, this local amendment limits the potential anchorage and supporting frame failure resulting from additional weight. There is no limitation for weight of mechanical and plumbing fixtures and equipment in the International Residential Code. Requirements from ASCE 7 and the International Building Code would permit equipment weighing up to 400 lbs. when mounted at 4 feet or less above the floor or attic level without engineering design. Where equipment exceeds this requirement, it is the intent of this amendment that a registered design professional be required to analyze if the floor support is adequate and structurally sound. R503.2.4 Geological Section R502.10 of the Code does not provide any Figure prescriptive criteria to limit the maximum floor R503.2.4 opening size, nor does Section R503 provide any details to address the issue of shear transfer near larger floor openings. With the higher seismic demand placed on buildings and structures in this region, it is important to ensure that a complete load path is provided to reduce or eliminate potential damage caused by seismic forces. Requiring blocking with metal ties around larger floor openings and limiting opening size is consistent with the requirements of Section R301.2.2.2.5. Table Geological Los Angeles County is prone to seismic activity due R602.3(1) to the existence of active faults in the Southern Table California area. In September 2007, limited cyclic R602.3(2) testing data was provided to the ]CC Los Angeles Chapter Structural Code Committee showing that stapled wood structural shear panels do not exhibit the same behavior as the nailed wood structural shear panels. The test results of the stapled wood structural shear panels demonstrated lower strength and drift than the nailed wood structural shear panel test results. Therefore, the use of staples as fasteners for shear walls sheathed with other materials shall not be permitted without being substantiated by cyclic testing. Los Angeles County Findings Page 32 EXHIBIT A -ATTACHMENT 1 R602.3.2 Geological Los Angeles County is prone to seismic activity due Table to the existence of active faults in the Southern R602.3.2 California area. The County of Los Angeles and cities in this region have taken extra measures to maintain the structural integrity of the framing of the shear walls when designed for high levels of seismic loads by eliminating single top plate construction. The performance of modern day braced wall panel construction is directly related to an adequate load path extending from the roof diaphragm to the foundations stem. R602.10.2.3 Geological The greater Los Angeles region is a densely populated area having buildings and structures constructed over and near a vast array of fault systems capable of producing major earthquakes, including, but not limited, to the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. Plywood shear walls with high aspect ratio experienced many failures during the Northridge Earthquake. This proposed amendment specifies a minimum braced wall length to meet an aspect ratio consistent with other sections of the California Residential Code, and to assure that new buildings and additions to existing buildings are designed and constructed in accordance with the scope and objectives of the California Residential Code. This is intended to improve the performance level of buildings and structures that are subject to the higher seismic demands and reduce and limit potential damage to property. This proposed amendment reflects the recommendations by SEAOSC and the Los Angeles City Joint Task Force that investigated the poor performance observed during the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. Los Angeles County Findings Page 33 EXHIBIT A -ATTACHMENT 1 Table Geological Due to the high geologic activities in the Southern R602.10.3(3) California area and the necessary higher level of performance of buildings and structures, this local amendment reduces or eliminates the allowable shear values for shear walls sheathed with lath, plaster, or gypsum board. The poor performance of such shear walls sheathed with other materials in the 1994 Northridge Earthquake was investigated by SEAOSC and the Los Angeles City Joint Task Force. The County of Los Angeles and cities in this region have taken extra measures to maintain the structural integrity of the framing of the shear walls when designed for high levels of seismic loads. Table Geological 3/8" thick 3 ply -plywood shear walls experienced R602.10.4 many failures during the Northridge Earthquake. This amendment specifies minimum WSP sheathing thickness and nail size and spacing, so as to provide a uniform standard of construction to improve the performance level of buildings and structures, given the potential for higher seismic demands placed on buildings or structure in this region. This proposed amendment reflects the recommendations by SEAOSC and the Los Angeles City Joint Task Force following the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. In September 2007, cyclic testing data was provided to the Los Angeles Chapter Structural Code Committee showing that stapled wood structural shear panels underperformed nailed wood structural shear panels. Test results of the stapled wood structural shear panels appeared much lower in strength and drift than the nailed wood structural shear panel test results. Los Angeles County Findings Page 34 EXHIBIT A - ATTACHMENT 1 Table R602.10.5 Geological Los Angeles County is prone to seismic activity due to the existence of active faults in the Southern California area. The poor performance of such shear walls sheathed in the 1994 Northridge Earthquake was investigated by SEAOSC and the Los Angeles City Joint Task Force. The County of Los Angeles and cities in this region have taken extra measures to maintain the structural integrity with respect to the "maximum shear wall aspect ratios" of the framing of the shear walls when designed for high levels of seismic loads. This amendment is consistent with the shear wall aspect ratio provision of Section 4.3.4 of AWC SDPWS-2015. Figure Geological 3/8" thick 3 ply -plywood shear walls experienced R602.10.6.1 many failures during the Northridge Earthquake. The poor performance of shear walls in the 1994 Northridge Earthquake was investigated by SEAOSC and the Los Angeles City Joint Task Force. Box nails were observed to cause massive and multiple failures of the typical 3/8" thick 3 ply -plywood during the Northridge Earthquake. The County of Los Angeles and cities in this region have taken extra measures to maintain the structural integrity of the framing of the shear walls when designed for high levels of seismic loads. The performance of modern day braced wall panel construction is directly related to an adequate load path extending from the roof diaphragm to the foundations stem. Figure Geological 3/8" thick 3 ply -plywood shear walls experienced R602.10.6.2 many failures during the Northridge Earthquake. The poor performance of such shear walls in the 1994 Northridge Earthquake was investigated by SEAOSC and the Los Angeles City Joint Task Force. The County of Los Angeles and cities in this region have taken extra measures to maintain the structural integrity of the framing of the shear walls when designed for high levels of seismic loads. Box nails were observed to cause massive and multiple failures of typical 3/8-inch thick plywood during the Northridge Earthquake. This change to the minimum lap splice requirement is consistent with Section 12.16.1 of ACI 318-11. This amendment is a continuation of amendments adopted during prior Code adoption cycles. Los Angeles County Findings Page 35 EXHIBIT A -ATTACHMENT 1 Figure Geological 3/8" thick 3 ply -plywood shear walls experienced R602.10.6.4 many failures during the Northridge Earthquake. The poor performance of such shear walls in the 1994 Northridge Earthquake was investigated by SEAOSC and the Los Angeles City Joint Task Force. The County of Los Angeles and cities in this region have taken extra measures to maintain the structural integrity of the framing of the shear walls when designed for high levels of seismic loads. The proposal in which "washers shall be a minimum of 0.229 inch by 3 inches by 3 inches in size" is consistent with Section R602.11.1 of the California Residential Code and Section 2308.3.1 of the California Building Code. This amendment is a continuation of amendments adopted during prior Code adoption cycle. R606.4.4 Geological Los Angeles County is prone to seismic activity due to the existence of active faults in the Southern California area. The addition of the word "or" will prevent the use of unreinforced parapets in Seismic Design Category Do, D1, or D2, or on townhouses in Seismic Design Category C. R606.12.2.2.3 Geological Los Angeles County is prone to seismic activity due to the existence of active faults in the Southern California area. Reinforcement using longitudinal wires for buildings and structures located in high seismic areas is not as ductile as deformed rebar. Having vertical reinforcement closer to the ends of masonry walls helps to improve the seismic performance of masonry buildings and structures. R803.2.4 Geological Section R802 of the Code does not provide any prescriptive criteria to limit the maximum size of roof openings, nor does Section R803 provide any details to address the issue of shear transfer near larger roof openings. With the higher seismic demand placed on buildings and structures in this region, it is important to ensure that a complete load path is provided to reduce or eliminate potential damage caused by seismic forces. Requiring blocking with metal ties around larger roof openings and limiting the size of openings is consistent with the requirements of Section R301.2.2.6. Los Angeles County Findings Page 36 EXHIBIT A -ATTACHMENT 1 R1001.3.1 Geological Los Angeles County is prone to seismic activity due to the existence of active faults in the Southern California area. The performance of fireplaces/chimneys without anchorage to the foundation has been observed to be inadequate during major earthquakes. The lack of anchorage to the foundation results in overturn or displacement. Appendix AZ Administrative, Adoption of this appendix is necessary because strict AZ101.1, Voluntary compliance with state and local standards and laws AZ102.1, Appendix would prevent, hinder, or delay the mitigation of the AZ103.11 Climatic effects of a declared shelter crisis or other AZ103.4, emergency. The modifications to this appendix are AZ107.1 Geologic administrative in nature, to provide clarification of Topographical various provisions of the language of this voluntary Appendix. AZ106.1 Climatic, Los Angeles County is subject to extreme Voluntary temperatures, and many of these membrane Appendix structures will be erected and occupied during severe weather events. It is necessary to include this amendment to ensure the safety, health, and comfort of the occupants is maintained during extreme heat and cold. AZ110.1.1, Administrative, These sections are simply a cross reference to the AZ110.1.2 Voluntary State Plumbing Code requirement for user Appendix convenience and is not adding a new building standard nor enacting a more restrictive requirement. To the extent findings are requested, see prefatory language in this Section. AZ110.3 Climatic, The County may utilize mobile restroom facilities that Voluntary are physically separate from the living facilities. Due Appendix to the potential for severe local weather conditions, with extreme temperatures or torrential rain, the distance to the restroom facilities required for the comfort, safety, and health of displaced people should be reduced to 300 feet or as determined by the Building Official. Los Angeles County Findings Page 37 EXHIBIT A -ATTACHMENT 1 EXISTING BUILDING CODE AMENDMENTS CODE SECTION CONDITION EXPLANATION 302.6.1 to Geologic The greater Los Angeles/Long Beach region is a 302.6.3 densely populated area having buildings constructed over and near a vast array of fault systems capable of producing major earthquakes, including, but not limited to, the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. The purpose of the amendments is to prevent inadequate construction or bracing to increase resistance to horizontal forces, thus minimizing hazards to life or property in the event of an earthquake. 302.7 Geologic The greater Los Angeles/Long Beach region is a densely populated area having buildings constructed over and near a vast array of fault systems capable of producing major earthquakes, including, but not limited to, the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. The purpose of the amendment is to minimize injuries caused by shattering lass in the event of an earthquake. A401.2 Geologic, The greater Los Angeles/Long Beach region is Administrative, situated over a vast array of earthquake fault Voluntary systems capable of producing major Appendix earthquakes, including, but not limited to, the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. The purpose of this amendment is to provide voluntary building standards to constituents that are performing seismic retrofitting for existing structures. A404.1 Administrative, The greater Los Angeles/Long Beach region is Geologic, situated over a vast array of earthquake fault Voluntary systems capable of producing major Appendix earthquakes, including, but not limited to, the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. The purpose of this amendment is to provide voluntary building standards to constituents that are performing seismic retrofitting for existing structures. Due to these factors, the County requires a licensed architect or engineer stamp and approval of the construction documents. Los Angeles County Findings Page 38